Neem Information

For centuries, the Neem Tree has been an integral part of life in India. Each and every part of the tree (bark, leaves, root, fruit) serves a certain purpose. We aim to make these products made from the various parts of the Neem Tree available easily to the people in the United States and Canada.

The Neem Foundation

NeemWell Creams, Lotions Oil, Leaves and Shampoo are safe for topical use on all age groups.
Neem leaf capsules should not be given to anyone under the age of 14
Our products are to support healing, not to replace a practitioner.

NEEM IN HEALTH

 

NEEM'S MEDICINAL USES

NEEM AND HEALTH

LIST OF DISEASES

 

NEEM'S MEDICINAL USES

Medicinal properties of neem have been known to Indians since time immemorial. The earliest Sanskrit medical writings refer to the benefits of neem's fruits, seeds, oil, leaves, roots and bark. Each of these has been used in the Indian Ayurvedic and Unani systems of medicine.

In Ayurvedic literature neem is described in the following manner: ‘Neem bark is cool, bitter, astringent, acrid and refrigerant. It is useful in tiredness, cough, fever, loss of appetite, worm infestation. It heals wounds and vitiated conditions of kapha, vomiting, skin diseases, excessive thirst, and diabetes. Neem leaves are reported to be beneficial for eye disorders and insect poisons. It treats Vatik disorder. It is anti-leprotic. It's fruits are bitter, purgative, anti-hemorrhoids and anthelmintic'.

It is claimed that neem provides an answer to many incurable diseases. Traditionally neem products have been used against a wide variety of diseases which include heat-rash, boils, wounds, jaundice, leprosy, skin disorders, stomach ulcers, chicken pox, etc. Modern research also confirms neem's curative powers in case of many diseases and provides indications that neem might in future be used much more widely. Some important medical and veterinary application of neem is given below:

 

 

NEEM AND HEALTH

Neem has rightly been called sarvaroghari . Since time immemorial, Indians have learnt and made use of neem in a variety of ways both for personal and community health by way of environmental amelioration. Despite all the vicissitudes India has gone through over the centuries, neem has managed to remain a friend, philosopher and guide to an average Indian. It is time this heritage is appreciated and in area of promotional and preventive health care, our indigenous knowledge and resources are made use of on an increasing scale as low-cost, effective ingredient for the realization of the lofty goal of ‘Health for all'.

As Naveen Patnaik (1993, p. 40) says, “Possessed of many and great virtues, this native Indian tree has been identified on the five-thousand-year-old seals excavated from the Indus Valley Civilization”. How the tradition lives on has also been graphically brought out, “Today the margosa is valued more highly for its capacity to exercise the demon of disease than the spirit of the dead, and an image of the folk goddess Sitala can often be seen suspended from a margosa branch where she guards against small pox, once the great killer of the Indian country side. Renowned for its antiseptic and disinfection properties, the tree is thought to be particularly protective of women and children. Delivery chambers are fumigated with its burning bark (Margosa seed oil has been chemically tested as an external contraceptive, used by women as a spermicide). Dried margosa leaves are burned as mosquito repellent. Fresh leaves, notorious for their bitterness, are cooked and eaten to gain immunity from malaria.

Neem's antiseptic properties are widely recognized now. “Neem preparations are reportedly efficacious against a variety of skin diseases, septic sores, and infected burns. The leaves, applied in the form of poultices or decoctions, are also recommended for boils, ulcers, and eczema. The oil is used for skin diseases such as scrofula, indolent ulcers and ringworm.

Cures for many diseases have been reported but these need to be confirmed independently by trials under controlled conditions. Laboratory tests have shown that neem is effective against certain fungi that infect the human body. Some important fungi against which neem preparations have been found to be effective are: athlete's foot fungus that infects hair, skin and nails; a ringworm that invades both skin and nails of the feet; a fungus of the intestinal tract; a fungus that causes infections of the bronchi, lungs, and mucous membranes and a fungus that is part of the normal mucous flora that can get out of control leading to lesions in mouth (thrush), vagina, skin, hands and lungs.

Neem has been used traditionally in India to treat several viral diseases. Even many medical practitioners believe that smallpox, chicken pox and warts can be treated with a paste of neem leaves – usually rubbed directly on the infected skin. Experiments with smallpox, chicken pox, and fowl pox show that although neem does not cure these diseases, but it is effective for purposes of prevention. ‘Crude neem extracts absorb the viruses, effectively preventing them from entering unaffected cells.” Recent tests, although unconfirmed, have shown that neem is effective against herpes virus and the viral DNA polymerase of hepatitis B virus. Should these findings be confirmed, neem could be used to cure these dreadful diseases.

Its effectiveness is enhanced on account of its easy and plentiful availability and low cost along with the advantage – a big and critical advantage – of crating income and employment for the poor. Neem is effective against dermatological insects such as maggots and head lice. It is a common practice to apply neem all over the hair to kill head lice.

Rural inhabitants in India and Africa regularly use neem twigs as tooth brushes. Neem twigs contain antiseptic ingredients. That explains how these people are able to maintain healthy teeth and gums. Ayurveda describes neem as herbal drug which is used to clean the teeth and maintain dental hygiene. Neem in the form of powder is also used to brush teeth and massage gums.

Chagas disease is a major health problem in Latin America. It cripples millions of people there. Laboratory tests in Germany and Brazil show that neem may be an answer to this dreadful disease which so far remains largely uncontrollable. The disease is caused by a parasite which is spread by an insect called kissing bug. Extracts of neem have effects on the kissing bugs. Research has shown that 'feeding neem to the bugs not only frees them of parasites, but azadirachtin prevents the young insects from molting and the adults from reproducing'.

In Ayurvedic medicine system neem is used to treat malarial fevers. Recent experiments have shown that one of the neem's components, gedunin (a limonoid), is as effective as quinine against malaria. Malaria affects millions of people and is responsible for about 2 million deaths every year in India and several other countries. China has adopted neem in a big way for its anti-malaria operation. Their formulation “Quinahausa” is going to become available in India as well. Neem oil treated mosquito nets and mosquito-repellent cheap tablets (one paise per tablet) are also becoming popular. Such mosquito nets presently available in the North-East have to be made available in the whole country (Swadeshi Patrika, chaitra-vaishak 2052). Because of growing problems of resistance to conventional treatments, it is becoming more and more difficult to control malaria. Should neem products prove effective cure against malaria, the dream of complete eradication of malaria might become a reality.

Neem is widely used for treating fevers. It has anti-pyretic (fever-reducing) property. In addition, neem products also have analgesic (pain-relieving) and anti-inflammatroy effects, i.e. for most common ailments neem can provide cheap, easily-available and local entrepreneurship medicines.

With revival of interest in Ayurveda as an important, indigenous total health-care system, neem with its therapeutic properties and time-tested usage, more particularly as a household first – aid and safe self-administered medicine as well as a preventative help is bound to stage a big come back.

Dr. Suresh Chaturvedi (1995) has listed the uses of neem in pyrexia, diabetes, urinary problems, filarial, worms, respiratory disorders, dermatological disorders, gynecological disorders and by way of external use for eyes, piles and fistula, wounds, hair, dental hygiene and as fertility regulatory material; in addition to its ophthalmic and toiletries uses. However, there is a need for continued R & D and its transfer to the pharmaceutical industry.

A wide multitude of diseases or conditions can be successfully treated with various elements of neem.

AIDS:

Some of the best news is that neem may help in the search for a prevention or a cure for AIDS.  So far, the National Institutes of Health reports encouraging results from in vitro tests for an AIDS prevention and possible cure using extracts from the tree.  Professionally administered neem solutions are currently being studied for their effects on cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and AIDS.  In 1993, in a preliminary study, the National Institutes of Health reported positive results from in vitro tests where neem bark extracts killed the AIDS virus.  Using extracts made by soaking neem bark in water, Dr. Van Der Nat of the Netherlands found that the extract produced a strong immune stimulating reaction.  Studies reported in 1992 and 1994 showed neem's ability to enhance the cell-mediated immune response may be used to provide protection from vaginal contraction of the disease if neem is used as a vaginal lubricant preceding intercourse.  AIDS may possibly be treated by ingesting neem leaf extracts or the whole leaf or by drinking a neem tea.

Neem contains immune modulating polysaccharide compounds; the polysaccharide may be responsible for increasing antibody production.  Other elements of neem may stimulate immune function by enhancing cellular mediated response.  This dual action can help the body ward off the frequent infections that generally accompany AIDS.

Arthritis:

Neem has a long history of relieving inflamed joints, supported by recent scientific studies.  Most anti-inflammatories, such as aspirin and ibuprofen, irritate the stomach and may be the major cause for upper GI bellding.  Ulcers sometimes occur as a result of taking too much of these over-the counter drugs.  Neem is comparably effective, anti-inflammatory and does not adversely affect the stomach.  The active constituents in its leaves relieve pain by acting on the prostaglandin mechanism and significantly reduce acute derma.

Several studies have shown its usefulness with the disease.  Some studies have looked at the ability of neem leaf extracts to reduce inflammation.  One suggested that the phenolic compounds containing catechin (which possess anti-inflammatory properties) may produce the anti-inflammatory effects.  Another investigation found that quercetin, an antibacterial compound, exists in neem leaves.  Other studies have shown that the polysaccharides in neem reduce the inflammation and swelling that occur in arthritis. Not only does neem help reduce inflammation; it also has pain suppressing properties.  Neem can also help create a balance in the immune system, directly affecting the progression of arthritis.

Birth Control:

Neem has been shown to be a powerful, relatively inexpensive birth control agent for both men and women.  In the first century B.C., Charaka, the Indian physician, gave a detailed method for using neem for contraception.  Cotton soaked in neem oil was kept in the vagina for fifteen minutes before intercourse.  This killed the sperm.

In both India and the United States, trials show neem extract reduces fertility in male monkeys without in hiting libido or sperm production.  Also, in other Indian studies, neem leaf tablets taken for one month produced reversible male infertility but did not affect sperm production or libido.  This shows promise as the first male birth control pill.

In another study, members of the Indian Army were tested with neem's birth control effects.  Twenty married men took daily oral doses of several drops of neem seed oil in gelatin capsules.  To become 100 percent effective, the effect took six weeks, but it remained effective during the entire year of the trial, and was only reversed six weeks after a man no longer took the capsules.  The men experienced no adverse side effects and retained their normal capabilities and desires.  No women became pregnant during this period.  This product is now offered in stores under the name “Sensal”.

Neem's contraceptive uses for women are even more varied.  Even the leaves are said to be effective.  Many women in Madagascar chew a handful of neem leaves every day, which according to their statements prevents pregnancies.  In the case of unwanted pregnancies, neem is said to be capable of inducing a miscarriage.

Neem oil based vaginal creams and suppositories are extremely popular in India.  Nonirritating and easy to use, they are almost 100 percent effective.  When tested against human sperm, neem extract (sodium nimbidinate) at 1,000mg was able to kill all sperm in five minutes and required only 30 minutes at a lower, 250 mg level.  It is suggested that these creams and suppositories also prevent vaginal and sexually transmitted diseases.

Oddly, neem oil has also been taken internally by ascetics who wish to diminish their sexual desire.

Cancer:

Throughout Southeast Asia neem has been used successfully by herbalists for hundreds of years to reduce tumors.  Researchers are now supporting these uses.  Neem has been tested on many types of cancers, such as skin cancers, using neem-based creams and lymphocytic cancer, using the herb internally.  In India, Europe and Japan scientists have found that polysaccharides and liminoids in neem bark, leaves and seed oil reduced tumors and cancers and were effective against lymphocytic leukemia.

In Japan, several issued patents included hot water neem bark extracts; these were effective against several types of cancer.  Several extracts were tested at different doses and were compared to standard anticancer agents.  Many extracts were equal or better than the standard treatments against solid tumors.  Results of tests performed with a more purified extract of the bark produced even better results.  Further studies using pure active compounds are hoped to produce even more impressive results.

In another study, one researcher used an extract of neem leaves to prevent the adhesion of cancer cells to other body cells.  If cancers can't stick to other cells, the cancer can't spread throughout the body and is more easily destroyed.

Neem's success has been noticeably remarkable with skin cancers.  A number of reports have been made by patients that their skin cancers have disappeared after several months of using a neem-based cream on a daily basis.  Injections of neem extract around various tumors have shown sizable reduction in a few weeks' time.

Dental Care:

People in both India and Africa have used neem twigs as tooth brushes for centuries.  Neem twigs contain antiseptic ingredients necessary for dental hygiene.  Neem powder is also used to brush teeth and massage gums.

In Germany many researchers have shown that neem extracts prevent tooth decay and periodontal disease.

Infections, tooth decay, bleeding and sore gums have all been treated successfully with daily use of neem mouth rinse or neem leaf extract added to the water.  Some people have reported a total reversal of gum degeneration after using neem for only a few months.

Diabetes:

Because neem is a tonic and a revitalizer, it works effectively in the treatment of diabetes, as well.  More than a disease that requires change of diet, diabetes is the leading cause of blindness in people ages twenty-five and seventy-four; it also damages nerves, kidneys, hear and blood vessels; it may even result in the loss of limbs.  Incurable, it can be treated in a variety of ways.  One recommendation is to take one tablespoon (5ml) of neem leaf juice daily on an empty stomach each morning for three months.  An alternative is to chew or take in powder form ten (10) neem leaves daily in the morning.  Some studies have shown that oral application of neem leaf extracts reduced a patient's insulin requirements by between 30 and 50 percent for nonkeytonic, insulin fast and insulin-sensitive diabetes.

Because neem has been found to reduce insulin requirements by upto 50 percent, without altering blood glucose levels, the Indian Government has approved the sale of neem capsules and tablets through pharmacies and clinics for this purpose.  Many of these pills are made of essentially pure, powdered neem leaves.

Karnim, one medication that contains neem and a number of other herbs, available in many countries for treating diabetes, was found to lower blood sugar by more than 50 percent in twenty weeks and to maintain that level thereafter.

Heart Disease:

Major causes of a heart attack include blood clots, high cholesterol, arrhythmic heart action and high blood pressure.  Neem has been helpful in these conditions too.  Its leaf extracts have reduced clotting, lowered blood pressure and bad cholesterol, slowed rapid or abnormally high heartbeat and inhibited irregular heart rhythms.  Some compounds may produce effects similar to mild sedatives, which reduce anxiety and other emotional or physical states that may prompt a heart attack.  The antihistamine effects of the nimbidin in its leaves cause blood vessels to dilate.  This may be why the leaves help reduce blood pressure.

A recent study proved that, when a patient took either neem leaf extract or neem capsules for a month, her high cholesterol levels fell subsequently.  In another study, alcoholic extract of neem leaves reduced serum cholesterol by approximately 30 percent two hours after its administration.  The cholesterol level stayed low for an additional four hours until testing ceased.

Another study showed that an intravenous alcoholic extract of the leaf produced a large, immediate decrease in blood pressure, lasting for several hours. A neem leaf extract, sodium nimbidinate, given to those with congestive cardiac failure, was successful as a diuretic.  Regarding arrthythmic heart action, neem leaf extract exhibited antiarrhythmic activity, which returned to normal within eight minutes of administration.

Malaria:

According to the Neem Association, an international nonprofit organisation, malaria affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide and kills more than two million every year. Malaria is quite common in India and throughout the tropics.

Neem has been shown to be effective in a number of ways against this deadly disease.  Both water and alcohol based neem leaf extracts have been confirmed as effective.  It has been shown to block the development of the gamete in an infected person.

Neem leaf extract greatly increases the state of oxidationin red blood cells, which prevents normal development of the malaria virus.  Irodin A, an active ingredient in the leaves, is toxic to resistant strains of malaris; 100 percent of the malaria gamete are dead within seventy-two hours with a 1 to 20,000 ratio of active ingredients.  Other experiments have used alcoholic extracts of neem leaf, which performed almost as well.

Gedunin and quercetin, compounds found in the leaves, are also effective against malaria.  Several studies show that neem extracts are effective even against the more virulent strains of the malaria parasite.  Some scientists believe that stimulation of the immune system is a major factor in neem's effectiveness against malaria.  The plant also lowers the fever and increases one's appetite, enabling a stronger body to fight the parasite and recover more quickly.

Even though neem may be effective against the parasites that carry malaria, it has not been shown to prevent the malaria infection once it's in the body.

Rheumatism:

Neem leaves have anti-inflammatory activity, similar to that in drugs such as phenyl butazone and cortisone.  They can relieve pain and reduce acute pain edema.  For rheumatism, tropical applications of a warmed neem cream that contains neem oil and perhaps a mild neem tea will help lessen pain.

Stress:

Relatively new scientific findings indicate that neem may even be useful for reducing anxiety and stress. An experiment was done on test animals to see what, if any effect neem leaf extract had on these conditions.  Fresh leaves were crushed and the liquid squeezed out to produce a leaf extract.  The extract was given orally to three main sets of animals, in two standard stress tests.

One group received salt water as a base control; another received Valium; another received the neem leaf extract.  The third group was subdivided into sets that received ever larger doses. In the elevated plus maze test, doses of neem leaf extract upto 200 mg/kg showed important antianxiety activity equal to or greater than Valium.  The test doses of neem leaf extract upto 100 mg/kg were equal to Valium in their antianxiety effect.  At 800 mg/kg the effects of the neem totally disappeared.  Neem extracts apparently only work in small doses for this application.

The explanation of neem's antianxiety effect may be its ability to increase the amount of serotonin in the brain.  Because it works well in small amounts, it could be safer than drugs currently used for stress, which may cause many side effects.

Ulcers:

In the Ayurvedic medical tradition, neem is considered a useful therapy for ulcers and gastric discomfort.  Compounds in neem have been proven to have antiulcerative effects.  Throughout India, people take neem leaves for all sorts of stomach problems.  Some scientific evidence exists for its effectiveness for these problems.  Peptic ulcers and duodenal ulcers are treated well with neem leaf extracts; nimbidin from seed extracts taken orally prevents duodenal lesions and peptic ulcers, and provides significant reductions in acid output and gastric fluid activity.  Low doses of 20 to 40 mg/kg bring the most relief; increased dosages reduce the effectiveness of neem's antiulcerative effects.

Neem is also useful in treating other problems in the stomach and bowels.  The herb promotes a healthy digestive system by protecting the stomach, aiding in elimination, and removing toxins and noxious bacteria.  Its leaves are often used to treat heartburn and indigestion.  Some neem extracts reduce the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

Neem extracts are also used to treat gastritis.  The extracts reduce the amount of acid in the stomach; their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties can relieve the effects of this condition.

Finally, neem has also been shown to be effective for treating digestive disorders such as diarrhea, dysentery, hyperacidity and constipation.  For diarrhea and dysentery one solution is to take one tablespoon of neem leaf juice with sugar three times a day.  For constipation, a neem powder of two or three grams, with three to four black peppers given three times a day is both a laxative and a demulcent.

Vitiligo:

Vitiligo is believed to be an autoimmune disorder that causes patches of skin to lose their color.  It occurs in about five percent of the human population regardless of race, but most commonly in dark-skinned people.  The two most common treatments are exposure to sunlight (or PUVA) or corticoster old drugs, but these are not always effective.

Oral doses of neem were tested at least one year on fifteen patients who had the disease.  They also applied a cream made up of several herbs to patched, which were then exposed to the sun.  After ninety days, 25 percent of the patients showed complete relief.  No adverse reactions were shown by any participants.  Those who stayed on the treatment the longest showed the most improvement.  The dosage was four grams of neem leaves three times a day, ideally taken before each meal.

Other studies showed that the internal use of neem leaves and bark were effective even without the cream.  It may be possible that neem oil applied to the affected areas could aid in the reversal of discoloration.

Miscellaneous Health Benefits:

Neem truly seems like miraculous natural drug.  Neem has been shown to provide an antiviral treatment option for small-pox, chicken-pox, and warts.  It is particularly useful for these conditions when applied directly to the skin.  This is due in part to its ability to inhibit viruses from multiplying and spreading.

Chronic fatigue is considered to be caused by both viral and fungal infections.  Neem, which can attack both, helps the body fight this debilitating syndrome.

Minor cuts, sprains and bruises are treated with neem lotion, cream or leaf extract applied locally.  Its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial attributes are soothing to these conditions.

Hepatitis is another disease helped by neem.  This often-deadly disease can be transmitted through blood or by ingesting contaminated food or water.  Recent studies indicate that neem extracts can block infection by the virus that causes the disease.

Tests in Germany have shown that neem extracts are toxic to the herpes virus and can easily heal cold sores.  Both a mild neem leaf tea and a tropical cream application are recommended.  Once the eruption has peaked, discontinue the tea (taken after breakfast and after dinner0 and continue to apply cream until the sore has healed.

Chagas disease is a major health problem that infects some sixteen to eighteen million people, with another ninety million at risk in parts of South and Central America.  It may be deadly.  There is no vaccine and no safe and effective drug for its cure.  The disease is caused by a parasite.  Trypanosoma cruzi, which is spread by an insect, named the kissing bug.

Lab tests in Germany and Brazil have indicated that neem may be a solution.  Neem leaf extracts have negative effects on these pernicious insects.  Feeding neem or more specifically a single dose of Azadirachtin to the bugs not only eliminate the parasites, but the Azadirachtin prevents the young from molting and the adults from reproducing. Neem leaf or seed extracts may also be sprayed throughout the home where the kissing bug lives; this eliminates the parasites and prevents the bugs from laying eggs.

At the moment, scientists are researching the antibacterial and virus-reducing characteristics of the tree.  The first studies confirm its effectiveness against selected fungi that occur, for example, on hair (trichophyton), skin and nails (epidermophyton), or in the vagina (candida).

Skin Diseases:

Neem has been highly successfully against harmful fungi, parasites, and viruses.  Although it can destroy these, it does not kill off beneficial intestinal flora nor produce adverse side effects.  Neem is toxic to several fungi that attack humans, including the causes of athlete's foot and ringworm and candida, which cause yeast infections and thrush.  In fact, neem extracts are some of the most powerful Antifungal plant extracts found in the Indian pharmacopia that are used for these conditions.  The compounds gedunin and nimbidol, found in the tree's leaves, control the fungi listed above.  Basing their studies on the ancient tradition of using neem to purify the air surrounding sick people, two Indian researchers found that neem smoke was successful in suppressing fungal growth and germination.

One of neem's stronger advantages is its effect upon the skin in general.  It has been most helpful in treating a variety of skin problems and diseases including psoriasis, eczema and other persistent conditions.

According to a report from the National Research Council's Ad Hoc Panel of the Board on Science and Technology for International Development, neem preparation from the leaves or oils can be used as general antiseptics.  Because neem contains antibacterial properties, it is highly effective in treating epidermal conditions such as acne, psoriasis and eczema.  It is also used for treating septic sores, infected burns, scrofula, indolent ulcers and ringworm.  Stubborn warts can be cleared up when a high-quality neem product is used.  Unlike synthetic chemicals that often produce side effects such as rashes, allergic reactions, or redness, neem doesn't seem to create any of these results.

Early Ayurvedic practitioners believed high sugar levels in the body caused skin disease.  Neem's bitter quality was considered to counteract the sweetness.  Indians historically bathed in neem leaves steeped in hot water.  This is still considered a common procedure for curing skin ailments or allergic reactions.

Psoriasis is successfully treated with neem oil.  The oil moisturizes and protects the skin while healing the lesions, scaling and irritations.  Experiments have shown that patients with psoriasis who have taken neem leaf orally, combined with tropical treatment with neem extracts and neem seed oil, achieve results at least as positive as those who use coal tar and cortisone, the more traditional treatments.  Coal tar products are messy and smelly and cortisone can thin the skin when used repeatedly.  Neem has neither side effect.  It can be used for extended periods of time without any side effects, is easy to apply and is relatively inexpensive.

Viral Diseases:

 In India, neem is also used to treat viral diseases such as small-pox, chicken-pox even many medical practitioners use a paste of neem leaves, rubbed directly on the infected skin, for these conditions.  Experiments with smallpox, chicken pox and fowl-pox have shown that neem is quite effective for preventing if not for curing these conditions.  The neem extracts absorb the viruses, preventing them from spreading to unaffected cells.  Neem has also been shown to be effective against herpes virus and the viral DNA polymers of the hepatitis B virus.

Laboratory experiments have shown that neem has antibacterial characteristics as well.  For example the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, a feared cause of food poisonings as well as of furuncles and abscesses, reacted to neem treatment.  Also, German experiments proved that a neem seed extract with ethanol is effective against the herpes viruses.

LIST OF DISEASES

Medical properties of Neem have been known to Indians since time immemorial. The Neem tree brings joy and freedom from various diseases.         

It has proven beneficial or preventative for the following:

Abrasions	Epilepsy	Obesity
Acne	Eczema	Piles
AIDS	Fungal Infections	Peptic Ulcers
Allergies	Fever	Prickly Heat
Arrhythmia	Food Poisoning	Parasites
Arthritis	Genital Warts	Pain
Athletes Foot	Gingivitis	Plague
Amenorrhoea	Gonorrhea	Periodontal Disease
Bed Sores	Gout	Rashes
Birth Control	Gastritis	Rheumatism
Bleeding Gums	Goitre	Sore Throat
Blood Purifier	Gangrene	Sprains
Bronchitis	Heart Disease	Stomach Problems
Bruises	Hemorrhoids	Stress
Burns	Hepatitis	Syphilis
Bad Breath	Herpes	Scabies
Boils & Pimples	High Blood Pressure	Sinusitis
Cavities	Hives	Snake Bite
Chagas Disease	Hypertension	Sores
Chicken Pox	Hair Loss	Smoking
Chlamydia	Heart Burn	Skin Ulcers
Cholesterol	Hangover	Shingles
Chronic Fatigue	Headache	Skin Problems
Circulation (poor)	Influenza	Thrush
Colds	Insomnia	Tuberculosis
Cold Sores	Immune System	Toothache
Cancer	Indigestion	Urinary Tract infection
Conjunctivitis	Intestinal Worms	Urethra Infection
Convulsions	Infected Glands	Ulcers
Cough	Inflammation	Urinary Stones
Cuts	Joint Pains	Viral
Candida	Kidney Problem	Vaginal Disorders
Dental Problems	Lice	Wounds
Diabetes	Leucoderma	Warts
Diaper Rash	Leprosy	Wrinkles
Dry Skin	Measles	Yeast infections
Dandruff	Malaria	Migraines
Earache	Encephalitis	Nausea

 

Ailments and Neem
Hippocratic Oath
A key advantage to using Neem is its compliance with the first tenant of the Hippocratic Oath taken by all physicians: "First, cause no harm." Over thousands of years, Neem has been used by hundreds of millions of people and no hazards have been documented for normal dosages.

Allergies
Application of a neem-based cream or lotion will stop the itching and inflammation of rashes and neem tea may be taken internally for allergies to pollen, molds, etc.

We have compiled information about the benefits of Neem when used by a person with Acne...READ

Candida
In healthy people, the yeast Candida albicans normally exists on the surface of certain moist areas of the body, including the mouth, throat, and vagina. Sometimes, the fungus overgrows in localized areas, causing minor forms of candidiasis such as oral thrush and vaginal thrush. However, in people who have reduced immunity infection can spread throughout the body this may also occur in people who have had prolonged courses of antibiotics or use intravenous drugs.

Neem and Candida
Neem leaf tea will promote healing and reduce the pain and inflammation. Children under 12 should only gargle with the tea and not swallow. For the redness appearing on the skin around the mouth, a neem-based cream should be applied regularly until the infection has cleared.

Read more about Neem and Fungi on page 2

Neem and Yeast Infection
For infections of the skin, rubbing a neem-based cream on the affected areas several times per day, especially after washing or getting the area wet, will relieve the itching, heal the skin and get rid of the infection. For vaginal yeast infections, a neem-based cream can be applied with cotton swabs or douche with neem leaf extract. Drinking three cups of neem tea for several days will help rid the body of both external and internal infection....READ

Athletes foot
Athlete's Foot is one of the most common forms of fungal infections in the human environment. Athlete's Foot is generally contained to the area between the soles of the feet and the toes. This mild fungus is usually picked up in warm, public facilities, such as showers, swimming pools and gymnasiums.

Neem and Athletes foot
Neem has been found to be effective against athletes foot. Fungal infections of this type affect nine out of ten people in the United States at some time or another. Untreated, this fungus can attack the toenails and even cause secondary infections throughout the body. A corn starch powder combined with powdered neem leaves makes an excellent preventative while alcoholic neem leaf extract or a neem-based lotion can be used if an infection has already begun

Prevention:
Athlete's Foot is easily preventable. Keeping feet cool and dry, especially during warm summer months. Using powders or drying lotions is the easiest way to prevent Athlete's Foot. Those prone to excessive perspiration can purchase special socks which helps to wick wetness and keep feet dry....READ ABOUT FUNGAL INFECTIONS

Ringworm
Ringworm is a skin infection caused by a fungus that can affect the scalp, skin, fingers, toe nails or foot. Affecting the smooth skin and scalp, these fungal infections are often accompanied by profound itching and redness of the affected skin. This fungus produces circular ring lesions up to six inches in diameter on the skin and can cause loss of hair in patches of the scalp.

Ringworm and Neem
Neem has historically been an effective treatment for fungal infections. Early studies verified scientifically that the fungus that causes ringworm is effectively controlled with neem extracts. In one trial, patients with long term and severe cases of ringworm were selected for study. They had used commercial ointments containing salicylic acid and benzoic acid for over three years yet had failed to stop the infection. They were each treated with alcoholic neem leaf extract in a carrier creme. Within just two to three days after using neem extract on the areas the patients were clear of the infection and remained so for the one year follow-up period. Washing with neem soap or shampoo and rubbing neem creme onto the affected areas clears this infection in several days.

Anti-inflammatory
Applying a cream containing neem oil topically has been used for centuries to reduce inflammation. A compound called sodium nimbinate found in neem leaves has been shown to provide significant relief to inflamed tissue. Other compounds such as nimbin, nimbinin and nimbidol are comparable to cortisone acetate in reducing inflammation.

Arthritis
Arthritis is a term covering many types of joint ailments. The ailments can be autoimmune disorders, infections, the result of wear on the joints or simply inflammation. Generally though it is the inflammation or the pain associated with it that is treated regardless of the origin. Neem can aid in treating arthritis in many ways. Neem's antibacterial properties can help kill infectious causes while its inflammation reducing properties and pain suppressing properties can alleviate the symptoms. Neem can also help create a balance in the immune system which directly affects progression of the disease.

Arthritis is one of the most common medical problems. There are more than 100 forms of it, and each has varying causes, symptoms and treatments.
Warning signs of arthritis include:
Swelling in one or more joints
Prolonged early morning stiffness
Recurring pain or tenderness in any joint
Inability to move joint normally
Redness and warmth in a joint
Unexplained fevers, weight loss or weakness with joint pain.

Any of these signs, when new, that lasts for more than two weeks requires prompt medical attention. Distinguishing arthritis from common aches and pain, along with determining the type of arthritis, is important for treatment.

Common types of arthritis include:

Osteoarthritis. Caused by normal wear and tear on the joints, this chronic condition is usually not serious. However a joint may degenerate to the point where replacement surgery is needed.

Rheumatoid arthritis. A type of inflammatory arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic condition caused by the body's immune system attacking joint-lining tissue.

Infectious arthritis. Infectious agents include bacteria, fungi and viruses. This type of arthritis can affect anyone. Usually, prompt diagnosis and treatment results in recovery.

Gout. Gout is most common in men older than 40 and is caused by formation of uric add crystals in a joint.

A number of studies indicate the usefulness of neem in treating arthritis.

The long history of using neem leaf, bark and seed extracts to relieve inflamed joints is borne out by the recent scientific investigations. Treatment for arthritis is traditionally a mild neem leaf tea coupled with rubbing a warmed neem-based cream on the stiff or painful areas as needed.

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Anti-Viral
Neem is one of just a few known anti-viral agents. In a study on neem's effectiveness as an anti-viral agent, neem seemed to interact with the surface of cells to prevent infection by the virus thereby inhibiting multiplication of the virus. Similar results have been observed in studies of other viral pathogens indicating a unique property of neem to prevent viral disease.

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Antibacterial
Properties of Neem
In 1855, a researcher reported that Neem leaves were given "with great success" to European soldiers to fight cholera. In 1968, Jain found leaves effective for various skin diseases and boils, and in 1984, Pillai and Santhakumari noted antibacterial action. Recent studies have shown antibiotic efficacy against many bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus and Clostridia. Neem has even successfully healed ulcers associated with bacterial infections.

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Chickenpox
Chickenpox, sometimes called varicella, is a common viral infection that mostly affects young children. The infection, with its characteristic rash of blisters, is caused by the varicella zoster virus, which also causes herpes zoster. The virus is easily transmitted in airborne droplets from the coughs and sneezes of infected people or by direct contact with the blisters. You can catch chickenpox from someone who has either chickenpox or herpes zoster if you are not immune.

Neem and Chickenpox
Chickenpox is a viral disease that has been traditionally treated with a paste of neem leaves -- usually rubbed directly onto the affected skin

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Dandruff
Is a form of dermatitis. Usually associated with imbalance in hormones, infections, or diets rich in fats and sweets, dandruff can only be controlled, not cured.

Neem and dandruff
To treat dandruff, apply a neem-based cream to the scalp shortly before bathing. Wash hair with shampoo with added Neem. I have also found benefit in applying Neem mixed with Sweet Almond oil to the scalp overnight and washing with a neem based shampoo in the morning. Watching one's intake of sugar might help reduce dandruff.

Itchy scalp
Itchy scalps can be caused by any number of things, ranging from allergies and dandruff to mites. Washing the scalp with a neem shampoo and applying a small amount of neem lotion to the scalp afterwards will relieve each of these problems

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Head lice

Head lice are often spread among schoolchildren by contact clothing or hairbrushes. It is contagious among family members and so all should be treated at the same time. Bedclothes, hairbrushes, Hats and other garments should be steeped and washed.

Head Lice and Neem
Neem has hormone mimics that interfere with the life cycle of parasites, inhibit their ability to feed and prevent the eggs from hatching.

Shampoos incorporating neem followed by neem-based cream to the hair and scalp has proven to work in clearing the lice on both adults and children with no side effects....Read More

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Hemorrhoids
Neem cream applied topically to external hemorrhoids becomes a soothing and lubricating salve that also helps control bleeding and itching. It provides the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties desirable when treating hemorrhoids.

Herpes (Cold Sores, warts)
The highly contagious herpes simplex viruses cause a number of different disorders characterized by small, painful blisters on the skin and mucous membranes, most commonly on or around the lips or genital area. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is transmitted by contact with a blister.

Neem and cold sores
Topical application of a neem-based cream to the affected area, is recommended.

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Immune System
In studies that have been made, the general conclusion is that neem not only kills some infective organisms directly but also boosts the immune response on several levels. This increases the body's ability to fight bacterial, viral, and fungicidal infections itself.

This combination of effects is more effective in the long run because chemicals toxic enough to eliminate all microbes often also harm healthy body tissue and cause undesirable side-effects. An improved immune system can selectively wipe out the invading microbes without adversely affecting other cells.

When invaded by microbes (or anything else the body recognizes as foreign), the immune system releases antibodies that lock onto and neutralize the intruder.

Antibody production
Neem not only enhances antibody production but also seems to improve the cell-mediated immune response by which white blood cells are unleashed to kill the invaders. In this type of immune response, special scavenger cells in the blood called macrophages devour the microbes and present bits of them along with their own surface molecules. It is only after macrophages (or other antigen-presenting cells) present bits of the microbe as antigens that helper T cells recognize the antigens. These helper T cells then release chemical messengers called cytokines that galvanize other cells of the immune system into a counterattack. By enhancing the body's first line of defense, neem helps the immune system more quickly respond to infections that might otherwise gain a strong foothold that would then be more difficult to overcome.

Immunomodulatory
polysaccharide compounds
Neem, especially neem bark, is recognized for its immunomodulatory polysaccharide compounds. These compounds appear to increase antibody production. Other compounds in neem enhance the immune system via a different mechanism; the cell-mediated immune response, the body's first form of defense. Only when this system appears to be unable to stop an infectious onslaught is the more massive immune system involved.

Cell mediated immune response
Neem oil acts as a nonspecific immunostimulant that activates the cell mediated immune response. This then creates an enhanced response to any future challenges by disease organisms. When neem oil was injected under the skin there was a significant increase in leukocyte cells and perioneal macrophages showed enhanced phagocytic activity and expression of MHC class II antigens. Production of gamma interferon was also induced by the injection. Spleen cells showed higher lymphocyte reaction to infection but did not augment anti-TT antibody response.

By enhancing the cellular immune response most pathogens can be eliminated before they cause the ill feeling associated with disease. This mechanism could also help in diseases that involve the immune system, like AIDS. Taking neem leaf or bark powder every other day or drinking a mild neem tea will enhance antibody production and the body's cell-mediated immune response, helping to prevent infections.

Lymphomatic counts
Water soluble neem leaf extracts, when taken orally, produced an increase in lymphomatic counts and both red and white blood cells as well as lymphocyte counts.

Birth control effects
In studies on the birth control effects of neem the major factor in that effect appears to be an increase in the immune response where neem has been applied that causes the body to reject the fetus as a foreign body.

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Neem and Pain
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase by limonoids (and/or polysaccharides) reduces perceived pain.

Inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase
Neem leaf and bark extracts have been shown to be a more potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase than acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and pethidine hydrochloride. In some cases neem was effective at reducing pain for a significantly longer period than standard agents. Neem also reduces the activity of the central nervous system, which also reduces perceived pain. According to a study led by N. Khanna, neem produces an analgesic effect upon the central and peripheral neural pathways. He also feels that both opioid and non-opioid receptors can be affected by neem.

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Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease that generally appears as patches of raised red skin covered by a flaky white buildup. Although the exact cause is unknown, psoriasis is believed to be related to faulty signals sent by the body's immune system. These signals accelerate the growth cycle in skin cells, which pile up on the surface when the body can't shed them fast enough. Click here for an animated image that illustrates the cycle of skin growth in normal skin and skin with psoriasis.

Psoriasis is not contagious—no one can "catch" it from another person. It has a genetic component that makes certain people more likely to develop it, but often an external or environmental "trigger" is necessary to make psoriasis appear. These triggers may include emotional stress, injury to the skin, some types of infection and reaction to certain drugs.

The most common form of psoriasis is called "plaque psoriasis"—about 80 percent of people with psoriasis have this type. Plaque psoriasis can appear on any skin surface, although the knees, elbows, scalp, trunk and nails are the most common locations. There are several other types of psoriasis, and between 10 percent and 30 percent of people with psoriasis also develop a related form of arthritis, called psoriatic arthritis.

Neem and Psoriasis
Neem has an almost magical effect on chronic skin conditions that fail to respond to conventional treatments. Acne, psoriasis, eczema, and ringworm are conditions that are effectively treated by a Neem preparation....MORE

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Neem and Scabies
Scrub with Neem Soap and Neem Shampoo. Dry, then liberally apply Neem Lotion over entire body (not just where scabies are evident). 2 or 3 Neem leaf capsules daily for 2 weeks to boost immune system can be taken by adults. This attacks the scabies internally and increases the blood circulation. Take 1 to 2 capsules a day for about 4 weeks after the scabies has gone....READ

Scabies
Scabies is a contagious disorder of the skin caused by very small, insects or mites called the Human Itch mite or Scabies itch mite. The female insect burrows into the skin where she lays 1 - 3 eggs daily. A very small, hard to see, zigzag blister usually marks the trail of the insect. Other more obvious symptoms are an intense itching (especially at night) and a red rash that can occur at the area that has been scratched.

The most common locations for scabies are on the sides of fingers, between the fingers, on the backs of the hands, on the wrists, heels, elbows, armpits, inner thighs and around the waist (belt line).

If untreated, the female will continue to lay eggs for about five weeks. The eggs hatch and the new mites begin the cycle all over again. The mites themselves are too small to be seen without magnification. One of the great problems with scabies always has been misdiagnosis.

Scabies is spread by personal contact, e.g., by shaking hands or sleeping together or by close contact with infected articles such as clothing, bedding or towels. It is usually found where people are crowded together or have frequent contact, and is most common among school children, families, roommates, and sexual partners. Scabies can be spread by the insect itself or by the egg. Prompt action is required to rid a person of the insects and eggs.

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Shingles

Neem and Shingles
Topical applications of a neem-based cream should be applied to the affected area at least three times a day or as often as needed

Herpes zoster, often known as shingles, is characterized by a painful crop of blisters that erupts along the path of a nerve. The rash commonly occurs on only one side of the body and usually affects the skin on the chest, abdomen, or face. In older people, discomfort may continue for months after the rash has disappeared. This prolonged pain is called postherpetic neuralgia

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Insect Repellent

Neem is an excellent insect repellent. Its extracts have been approved by the US Environmental Protection Agency for use on food crops. It is nontoxic to birds, animals, beneficial insects or man and protects crops from over 200 of the most costly pests.

Some of the Insects
affected by Neem Products:

American Cockroach: Reduces fecundity and molts, reduces number of fertile eggs.

Flea: Retards growth, repels, inhibits feeding, disrupts growth, eggs fail to hatch.

Flea beetle: Inhibits feeding.

Fire ant: Inhibits feeding, disrupts growth.

Green leafhopper: Inhibits feeding.

Head Lice: Kills, very sensitive to neem oil - traditional use in Asia.

Housefly: Inhibits feeding, disrupts molting, repels.

House cricket: Disrupts molting.

House mosquito: Toxic to larvae.

PLUS MANY MORE...Read

Neem and Encephalitis
One of the most impressive accomplishments of Neem against parasites is its effectiveness against encephalitis. In a paper delivered to the American Chemical Society at its annual meeting in March 1993 R.O. Larson describes how an outbreak of Japanese encephalitis in India was eradicated. This was accomplished by giving children two doses of crushed Neem leaves daily

Introduction

The Neem tree is indigenous to India. Indians have revered the neem tree for a very long time. To millions of Indians neem has miraculous powers. For centuries people of India have used neem twigs for cleaning their teeth, treated skin infection with neem leaf juice, used it as a tonic and kept away bugs with different neem extracts. It also formed part of several rituals. The tree has been used in curing so many ailments that it has been called "the village pharmacy".

Distribution
Nim or Neem, Azadirachta indica A.Juss belongs to the sub family : Meliodeae; order: Meliales. It is believed that Neem originated in Asia and Burma. However the exact origin is uncertain. Some believe it to be native to the whole Indian subcontinent whereas others are of the opinion that it belongs to dry forest areas throughout all of South and Southeast Asia including Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia.

Neem is now widely distributed in many countries of the world by cultivation. Indians migrating to African countries introduced neem into that continent. Neem grows abundantly between Somalia and Mauritania. Neem has also been introduced into Fiji Islands and from there it has spread to other South Pacific islands. Neem is also cultivated in the West Indies, Australia and some countries of Central and South America. Neem is grown in Southern Florida and is being established in Southern California and Arizona in the United States.

In India neem is seldom found in the forest. It is mostly grown as an avenue or shade tree and in variety of habitats. Neem is seldom leafless - one of the reasons why it is prized in India. The Indian subcontinent has nearly eighteen million neem trees. Most of them line the roadsides or are found clustered around markets or backyards and provide great relief from the sun. Neem grows to height of about 20 meters and a girth of 25 meters. It grows well on dry, stony, clayey and saline soils. It has a strong root system that extracts nutrients and moisture from poor soils. Neem grows upto about altitude of 1,500 meters. It can withstand high temperatures but cannot survive frost.

Agronomy
The compound leaves of neem appear smooth. However, closer examination of young leaves near the shoot apex will reveal the presence of resin secreting glands. The lower portions of the leaf stalk are covered with extra floral nectaries that attract ants. Damaged tissues of the stem secrete gum. Occasionally a milky white secretion is noticed from stems prior to flowering and production of new leaves. It is also well known that the green unripe fruits secrete a milky white latex, very bitter in taste because of some limonoids, but apparently free from azadirachtin.

The neem tree flowers between January and May in India although occasional flowers can be found on trees during other months, particularly, August-September. Trees in the southwest bloom first and there is a progression in the blooming period from the south to north. Flower buds of neem open in the evening and they are more scented at night and also secrete nectar that attracts a variety of pollinators. Neem honey is very popular and this has no azadirachtin.

Neem tree takes considerable abuse. It can withstand pollarding (repeated topping at heights above 1.5m) and coppicing (repeated topping at near ground level) very well. This is possible because of the root system which is large enough to feed a full grown tree.

A neem tree normally starts fruiting after 3-5 years. In about 10 years it becomes fully productive. From the tenth year onwards it can produce upto fifty kilograms of fruits annually. It’s lifespan is about two centuries.
Neem is easily propagated by seeds. However, the seeds are viable only for about three weeks after harvest under normal conditions of storage. Stem and root cuttings can also be used to propagate neem. Neem tree grows almost anywhere in the low land tropics. Its performance is best in areas which have an annual rainfall of 400 - 1,200 mm. Even if the maximum shade temperature soars past 50 C it thrives well. However, it cannot withstand freezing or cold for long. It grows from sea level up to heights of 1000m. The tap root of this tree is nearly twice the height of the tree.

Neem grows well in dry infertile sites. It performs well even where soils are sterile, strong and shallow. Neem also grows well in acid soils. It is believed that fallen neem leaves which are slightly alkaline (pH 8.2) are good for neutralizing acidity in the soil. The neem tree however, cannot withstand waterlogging.

Neem grows rapidly and yield timber for five to seven year. Weeds do not affect its growth and it can dominate almost all competitions.

Chemistry of Neem
Neem plants, as do all other plants, contain several thousands of chemicals. Of special interest are the terpenoids that are unique to neem and some related members of this family. More than a hundred terpenoids are known from different parts of the neem plant. Of its biological constituents, the most active and well studied compound is azadirachin. However, in most traditional preparations of neem as pesticide or medicine a mixture of neem chemicals are present and provide the active principles. Several different kinds of azadirachitins (A to K) have been isolated,the most abundant of which is Azadirachtin-A.

The neem terpenoids are present in all parts of the plant, in the living tissues. Recently, the site of synthesis and accumulation of the neem chemicals has been identified as secretory cells. Secretory cell are most abundant in the seed kernels. The secretory cell can be seen with iodine solution. The bulk of the kernel is actually a pair of cotyledons of the seed. In general, the kernels contain about 30-40 % oil. Triterpenoid content of the kernels is about 2.5 to 3%. The azadirachtin content in the kernels may vary from 0.2 to 0.6%. Besides the terpenoids, neem also contains more than 20 sulphurous compounds responsible for the characteristic smell of crushed seeds and neem oil. The gum of neem contains different kinds of sugars.

 

Neem as a Natural Pesticide

Neem is attracting world wide attention in recent decades mainly due to its bioactive ingredients that find increasing use in modern crop and grain protection. This chapter discusses the methods by which the neem extracts can be prepared by the farmer himself.

Neem Kernel Extract
50 gm of neem kernel is required for use in 1 litre of water. The neem kernel is pounded gently. It should be pounded in such a way that no oil comes out. The outer coat is removed before pounding. This used as manure. If pounded with seeds coat one and half times (75g) seeds are required. The seeds that are used for preparation of neem kernel extract should be atleast 3 months old and should not be used after 8 to 10 months. Before 3 months or after 8 months the azadirachtin quantity is quite low in the seeds and hence it cannot be efficiently used for pest control. The pounded neem kernel powder is gathered in a muslin pouch and this is soaked overnight in the water. The pouch is squeezed and the extract is filtered. To the filtrate an emulsifier like tween 80, sandovit, soap oil, nirma or soap cake powder is added. One ml of emulsfier is added to one litre of water. The emulsifier helps the extract to stick well to the leaf surface.

Remarks: The kernel extract should be milky white in colour and not brownish. The kernel extract does not control sucking insect like aphids, white flies and the stem borers. In these cases one could go in for the use of neem oil spray solution.

Neem leaf Extract
For 5 litres of water, 1 kilogram of green neem leaf is required. Since the quantity of leaves required for preparation of this extract is quite high (nearly 80 kilograms are required for 1 hectare) this can be used for nursery and kitchen gardens. The leaves are soaked overnight in water. The next day the leaves are ground and the extract is filtered. The extract is beneficial against leaf eating caterpillars, grubs, locusts and grasshoppers. To the extract, emulsifier is added as mentioned for kernel extract.

Remark: There is no need to boil the extract. Boiling reduces the azadirachtin content. Hence the cold extract is more effective. Some farmers prefer to soak the leaves for about on week. However this creates a foul smell.

Neem Cake Extract
100 gm of neem cake is required for 1 litre of water. The neem cake is put in a muslin pouch and soaked in water. It is soaked overnight before use in the morning. It is then filtered and emulsifier is added at the rate of 1 ml for 1 litre of water. It is now ready for spraying.

Neem Oil Spray

30ml neem oil is added to 1 litre of water and stirred will. Only then will the oil and water mix well. To this emulsifier is added (1ml/1litre). It is very essential to add the emulsifier and mix properly. It should be used immediately. Otherwise oil droplets start floating. A knapsack sprayer is better for neem oil spraying in preference to a hand sprayer.

General Remarks about Spraying

Spraying should be undertaken in the morning or late in the evening. During hot conditions the frequency of spraying should be more. In winter spraying once in 10 days and in rainy season everyday spraying is recommended.

Insects lay eggs on the underside of the leaves. Hence it is important to spray under the leaf also.

While using a power sprayer reduce the quantity of water used to half.

It is better to use low concentration of extracts frequently.

As a general guideline it can be said that each acre of land to be protected can be sprayed with 60 litres of ready to use solution (not the concentrate). Of course the volume may have to be varied depending on the exact condition such as the intensity of the pest attack.

The original article can be found at http://www.healthlibrary.com/reading/neem/chap5.htm

 

Directly from Nature makes no claims about neem and its uses. This article should only be used for informational purposes. Directly from Nature does not sell Neem as a pesticide or insecticide, we sell Neem as Neem.